1. Lombok介绍

Lombok能以简单的注解形式来简化java代码，提高开发人员的开发效率。例如开发中经常需要写的javabean，都需要花时间去添加相应的getter/setter，也许还要去写构造器、equals等方法，而且需要维护，当属性多时会出现大量的getter/setter方法，这些显得很冗长也没有太多技术含量，一旦修改属性，就容易出现忘记修改对应方法的失误。
Lombok能通过注解的方式，在编译时自动为属性生成构造器、getter/setter、equals、hashcode、toString方法。出现的神奇就是在源码中没有getter和setter方法，但是在编译生成的字节码文件中有getter和setter方法。这样就省去了手动重建这些代码的麻烦，使代码看起来更简洁些。

2. Lombok使用

Lombok的使用跟引用jar包一样，可以在官网（https://projectlombok.org/download）下载jar包，也可以使用maven添加依赖：

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
    <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
    <version>1.16.20</version>
    <scope>provided</scope>
</dependency>

2.1 @Data

@Data注解在类上，会为类的所有属性自动生成setter/getter、equals、canEqual、hashCode、toString方法，如为final属性，则不会为该属性生成setter方法。

官方实例如下：

import lombok.AccessLevel;
import lombok.Setter;
import lombok.Data;
import lombok.ToString;

@Data 
public class DataExample {
  private final String name;
  @Setter(AccessLevel.PACKAGE) private int age;
  private double score;
  private String[] tags;
  
  @ToString(includeFieldNames=true)
  @Data(staticConstructor="of")
  public static class Exercise<T> {
    private final String name;
    private final T value;
  }
}

如不使用Lombok，则实现如下：

import java.util.Arrays;

public class DataExample {
  private final String name;
  private int age;
  private double score;
  private String[] tags;
  
  public DataExample(String name) {
    this.name = name;
  }
  
  public String getName() {
    return this.name;
  }
  
  void setAge(int age) {
    this.age = age;
  }
  
  public int getAge() {
    return this.age;
  }
  
  public void setScore(double score) {
    this.score = score;
  }
  
  public double getScore() {
    return this.score;
  }
  
  public String[] getTags() {
    return this.tags;
  }
  
  public void setTags(String[] tags) {
    this.tags = tags;
  }
  
  @Override 
  public String toString() {
    return "DataExample(" + this.getName() + ", " + this.getAge() + ", " + this.getScore() + ", " + Arrays.deepToString(this.getTags()) + ")";
  }
  
  protected boolean canEqual(Object other) {
    return other instanceof DataExample;
  }
  
  @Override 
  public boolean equals(Object o) {
    if (o == this) return true;
    if (!(o instanceof DataExample)) return false;
    DataExample other = (DataExample) o;
    if (!other.canEqual((Object)this)) return false;
    if (this.getName() == null ? other.getName() != null : !this.getName().equals(other.getName())) return false;
    if (this.getAge() != other.getAge()) return false;
    if (Double.compare(this.getScore(), other.getScore()) != 0) return false;
    if (!Arrays.deepEquals(this.getTags(), other.getTags())) return false;
    return true;
  }
  
  @Override 
  public int hashCode() {
    final int PRIME = 59;
    int result = 1;
    final long temp1 = Double.doubleToLongBits(this.getScore());
    result = (result*PRIME) + (this.getName() == null ? 43 : this.getName().hashCode());
    result = (result*PRIME) + this.getAge();
    result = (result*PRIME) + (int)(temp1 ^ (temp1 >>> 32));
    result = (result*PRIME) + Arrays.deepHashCode(this.getTags());
    return result;
  }
  
  public static class Exercise<T> {
    private final String name;
    private final T value;
    
    private Exercise(String name, T value) {
      this.name = name;
      this.value = value;
    }
    
    public static <T> Exercise<T> of(String name, T value) {
      return new Exercise<T>(name, value);
    }
    
    public String getName() {
      return this.name;
    }
    
    public T getValue() {
      return this.value;
    }
    
    @Override 
	public String toString() {
      return "Exercise(name=" + this.getName() + ", value=" + this.getValue() + ")";
    }
    
    protected boolean canEqual(Object other) {
      return other instanceof Exercise;
    }
    
    @Override 
	public boolean equals(Object o) {
      if (o == this) return true;
      if (!(o instanceof Exercise)) return false;
      Exercise<?> other = (Exercise<?>) o;
      if (!other.canEqual((Object)this)) return false;
      if (this.getName() == null ? other.getValue() != null : !this.getName().equals(other.getName())) return false;
      if (this.getValue() == null ? other.getValue() != null : !this.getValue().equals(other.getValue())) return false;
      return true;
    }
    
    @Override 
	public int hashCode() {
      final int PRIME = 59;
      int result = 1;
      result = (result*PRIME) + (this.getName() == null ? 43 : this.getName().hashCode());
      result = (result*PRIME) + (this.getValue() == null ? 43 : this.getValue().hashCode());
      return result;
    }
  }
}

2.2 @Getter/@Setter

如果觉得@Data太过残暴（因为@Data集合了@ToString、@EqualsAndHashCode、@Getter/@Setter、@RequiredArgsConstructor的所有特性）不够精细，可以使用@Getter/@Setter注解，此注解在属性上，可以为相应的属性自动生成Getter/Setter方法，示例如下：

import lombok.AccessLevel;
import lombok.Getter;
import lombok.Setter;

public class GetterSetterExample {

  @Getter
  @Setter
  private int age = 10;
  
  @Setter(AccessLevel.PROTECTED) 
  private String name;
  
  @Override 
  public String toString() {
    return String.format("%s (age: %d)", name, age);
  }
}

如果不使用Lombok：

public class GetterSetterExample {

  private int age = 10;

  private String name;
  
  @Override 
  public String toString() {
    return String.format("%s (age: %d)", name, age);
  }
  
  public int getAge() {
    return age;
  }
  
  public void setAge(int age) {
    this.age = age;
  }
  
  protected void setName(String name) {
    this.name = name;
  }
}

2.3 @NonNull

该注解用在属性或构造器上，Lombok会生成一个非空的声明，可用于校验参数，能帮助避免空指针。

示例如下：

import lombok.NonNull;

public class NonNullExample extends Something {
  private String name;
  
  public NonNullExample(@NonNull Person person) {
    super("Hello");
    this.name = person.getName();
  }
}

不使用Lombok：

import lombok.NonNull;

public class NonNullExample extends Something {
  private String name;
  
  public NonNullExample(@NonNull Person person) {
    super("Hello");
    if (person == null) {
      throw new NullPointerException("person");
    }
    this.name = person.getName();
  }
}

2.4 @Cleanup

该注解能帮助我们自动调用close()方法，很大的简化了代码。

示例如下：

import lombok.Cleanup;
import java.io.*;

public class CleanupExample {
  public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
    @Cleanup InputStream in = new FileInputStream(args[0]);
    @Cleanup OutputStream out = new FileOutputStream(args[1]);
    byte[] b = new byte[10000];
    while (true) {
      int r = in.read(b);
      if (r == -1) break;
      out.write(b, 0, r);
    }
  }
}

如不使用Lombok，则需如下：

import java.io.*;

public class CleanupExample {
  public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
    InputStream in = new FileInputStream(args[0]);
    try {
      OutputStream out = new FileOutputStream(args[1]);
      try {
        byte[] b = new byte[10000];
        while (true) {
          int r = in.read(b);
          if (r == -1) break;
          out.write(b, 0, r);
        }
      } finally {
        if (out != null) {
          out.close();
        }
      }
    } finally {
      if (in != null) {
        in.close();
      }
    }
  }
}

2.5 @EqualsAndHashCode

默认情况下，会使用所有非静态（non-static）和非瞬态（non-transient）属性来生成equals和hasCode，也能通过exclude注解来排除一些属性。

示例如下：

import lombok.EqualsAndHashCode;

@EqualsAndHashCode(exclude={"id", "shape"})
public class EqualsAndHashCodeExample {
  private transient int transientVar = 10;
  private String name;
  private double score;
  private Shape shape = new Square(5, 10);
  private String[] tags;
  private int id;
  
  public String getName() {
    return this.name;
  }
  
  @EqualsAndHashCode(callSuper=true)
  public static class Square extends Shape {
    private final int width, height;
    
    public Square(int width, int height) {
      this.width = width;
      this.height = height;
    }
  }
}

2.6 @ToString

类使用@ToString注解，Lombok会生成一个toString()方法，默认情况下，会输出类名、所有属性（会按照属性定义顺序），用逗号来分割。

通过将includeFieldNames参数设为true，就能明确的输出toString()属性。这一点是不是有点绕口，通过代码来看会更清晰些。

使用Lombok的示例：

import lombok.ToString;

@ToString(exclude="id")
public class ToStringExample {
  private static final int STATIC_VAR = 10;
  private String name;
  private Shape shape = new Square(5, 10);
  private String[] tags;
  private int id;
  
  public String getName() {
    return this.getName();
  }
  
  @ToString(callSuper=true, includeFieldNames=true)
  public static class Square extends Shape {
    private final int width, height;
    
    public Square(int width, int height) {
      this.width = width;
      this.height = height;
    }
  }
}

不使用Lombok的示例如下：

import java.util.Arrays;

public class ToStringExample {
  private static final int STATIC_VAR = 10;
  private String name;
  private Shape shape = new Square(5, 10);
  private String[] tags;
  private int id;
  
  public String getName() {
    return this.getName();
  }
  
  public static class Square extends Shape {
    private final int width, height;
    
    public Square(int width, int height) {
      this.width = width;
      this.height = height;
    }
    
    @Override public String toString() {
      return "Square(super=" + super.toString() + ", width=" + this.width + ", height=" + this.height + ")";
    }
  }
  
  @Override public String toString() {
    return "ToStringExample(" + this.getName() + ", " + this.shape + ", " + Arrays.deepToString(this.tags) + ")";
  }
}

2.7 @NoArgsConstructor, @RequiredArgsConstructor and @AllArgsConstructor

无参构造器、部分参数构造器、全参构造器。Lombok没法实现多种参数构造器的重载。

Lombok示例代码如下：

import lombok.AccessLevel;
import lombok.RequiredArgsConstructor;
import lombok.AllArgsConstructor;
import lombok.NonNull;

@RequiredArgsConstructor(staticName = "of")
@AllArgsConstructor(access = AccessLevel.PROTECTED)
public class ConstructorExample<T> {
  private int x, y;
  @NonNull private T description;
  
  @NoArgsConstructor
  public static class NoArgsExample {
    @NonNull private String field;
  }
}

不使用Lombok的示例如下：

public class ConstructorExample<T> {
  private int x, y;
  @NonNull private T description;
  
  private ConstructorExample(T description) {
    if (description == null) throw new NullPointerException("description");
    this.description = description;
  }
  
  public static <T> ConstructorExample<T> of(T description) {
    return new ConstructorExample<T>(description);
  }
  
  @java.beans.ConstructorProperties({"x", "y", "description"})
  protected ConstructorExample(int x, int y, T description) {
    if (description == null) throw new NullPointerException("description");
    this.x = x;
    this.y = y;
    this.description = description;
  }
  
  public static class NoArgsExample {
    @NonNull private String field;
    
    public NoArgsExample() {
    }
  }
}

3. 总结优缺点

优点：能通过注解的形式自动生成构造器、getter/setter、equals、hashcode、toString等方法，提高了一定的开发效率，自己也可以重写Lombok生成的getter/setter方法，会自动覆盖Lombok的方法。让代码变得简洁，不用过多的去关注相应的方法。属性做修改时，也简化了维护为这些属性所生成的getter/setter方法等。
缺点：不支持多种参数构造器的重载。虽然省去了手动创建getter/setter方法的麻烦，但降低了源代码的可读性和完整性。